India and Iran to start diplomatic calendar for 75th anniversary of bilateral ties

India and Iran are set to commemorate the 75th anniversary of their bilateral ties, a significant milestone that underscores the enduring nature of their relationship. This celebration, commencing with the expected visit of Iran's Foreign Minister Syed Abbas Araghchi, is not merely a ceremonial event but a reaffirmation of a multifaceted partnership crucial for both nations and the broader region.

**Background Context and Historical Ties:** The relationship between India and Iran is ancient, predating modern nation-states. Historical records show extensive cultural, linguistic, and trade exchanges along the Silk Road for millennia. Persian influence is deeply embedded in Indian culture, particularly in art, architecture, and language (Urdu). Post-independence, India established diplomatic relations with Iran on March 15, 1950. Both countries were instrumental in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) during the Cold War, advocating for an independent foreign policy. In the contemporary era, despite geopolitical shifts and external pressures, India and Iran have maintained a pragmatic and strategic partnership, particularly in energy and connectivity.

**What Happened and Key Stakeholders:** The current development signifies the formal launch of a diplomatic calendar to celebrate 75 years of formal bilateral relations. The initial event, the visit of Iranian Foreign Minister Syed Abbas Araghchi, is a high-level diplomatic engagement designed to review existing cooperation, discuss future avenues, and exchange perspectives on regional and international issues. Key stakeholders involved are primarily the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of India and the Foreign Ministry of Iran, along with their respective governments. These ministries are responsible for formulating and executing foreign policy, negotiating agreements, and coordinating diplomatic initiatives. The visit itself serves as a platform for direct dialogue between top diplomats, signaling a mutual commitment to strengthen ties.

**Significance for India:** The robust relationship with Iran holds immense strategic and economic significance for India.

1. **Energy Security:** Historically, Iran has been a major supplier of crude oil to India, contributing significantly to India's energy security needs. While U.S. sanctions have impacted oil imports, India continues to explore avenues for energy cooperation, including natural gas and petrochemicals, to diversify its energy basket.

2. **Connectivity and Trade:** The Chabahar Port in Iran, developed by India, is a cornerstone of India's connectivity strategy. It provides India with a crucial sea-land route to Afghanistan and Central Asian countries, bypassing Pakistan. This port is integral to the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a multi-modal network aimed at facilitating trade between India, Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia, and Europe. Enhanced connectivity boosts bilateral trade and opens up new economic opportunities for Indian businesses.

3. **Geopolitical Importance:** Iran's strategic location at the crossroads of West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia makes it a vital partner for regional stability. Cooperation with Iran is crucial for India's interests in Afghanistan (e.g., humanitarian aid, reconstruction efforts) and for counter-terrorism efforts. A stable and friendly Iran contributes to a more secure neighbourhood for India.

4. **Strategic Autonomy:** Maintaining strong ties with Iran, despite pressure from Western powers, reflects India's commitment to strategic autonomy in its foreign policy. India navigates complex international relations by prioritizing its national interests, demonstrating its ability to engage with multiple partners independently.

**Future Implications:** The 75th-anniversary celebrations and high-level visits are expected to inject new momentum into India-Iran relations. Future implications include potential for:

* **Renewed Energy Cooperation:** Should U.S. sanctions ease, India could resume significant oil imports from Iran, benefiting from competitive pricing and geographical proximity.

* **Expansion of Chabahar and INSTC:** Further investment and operationalization of Chabahar Port and INSTC can transform regional trade dynamics, making India a key player in Eurasian connectivity.

* **Enhanced Cultural and People-to-People Ties:** Diplomatic initiatives often lead to increased cultural exchanges, educational programs, and tourism, fostering deeper understanding and goodwill.

* **Cooperation in Multilateral Forums:** India and Iran can collaborate more closely in organizations like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) (where Iran became a full member in 2023) and other regional groupings to address common challenges such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and regional security.

**Related Constitutional Articles and Policies:** India's foreign policy, including its engagement with Iran, is guided by the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution. Specifically, **Article 51** states that the State shall endeavour to (a) promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations; (c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations; and (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration. India's "Look West" policy, aimed at strengthening ties with West Asian nations, also provides a policy framework for engagement with Iran, emphasizing economic partnership, energy security, and regional stability. The conduct of foreign policy falls under the Executive's domain, with the Ministry of External Affairs playing the central role in implementing government decisions and representing India's interests globally.