Demoralised Bangladesh police appreciated by Tarique Rahman for handling massive events

The recent political developments in Bangladesh, specifically the appreciation of the police by Tarique Rahman following the fall of Sheikh Hasina's government, offer a critical lens into the shifting geopolitical landscape of India's eastern neighbour. For competitive exam aspirants, understanding this event requires delving into Bangladesh's complex political history, the roles of key figures, and its profound implications for India.

**Background Context and What Happened:**

Bangladesh's political arena has historically been dominated by a fierce rivalry between two major parties: the Awami League (AL), led by Sheikh Hasina, and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), historically led by Khaleda Zia and now significantly influenced by her son, Tarique Rahman. The AL generally champions secularism and a pro-India stance, stemming from its role in the 1971 Liberation War. The BNP, on the other hand, often adopts a more nationalist and sometimes Islamist-leaning platform, occasionally perceived as less favourable to India. Sheikh Hasina's government, which ruled for over 15 years (2009-2024), was lauded internationally for its economic growth trajectory and a "zero tolerance of terror" policy that significantly curbed extremist activities, a fact welcomed by India. However, her tenure also faced criticism for alleged authoritarian tendencies, suppression of dissent, and human rights abuses, particularly concerning crackdowns on opposition protests. The article refers to the "fall of the government of Sheikh Hasina," which alludes to the general elections held in January 2024. While the Awami League secured a landslide victory, the elections were widely boycotted by the BNP and other opposition parties, who alleged widespread rigging and called for a caretaker government. This led to significant political unrest, protests, and subsequent crackdowns by law enforcement, which reportedly left the police force "demoralised" and "handicapped" due to the "lingering stain" of these actions. In this volatile environment, Tarique Rahman's public appreciation of the Bangladesh police for handling "massive events" is a strategic political move, potentially aimed at winning over a key state institution and signaling a new political alignment or influence in the post-Hasina era.

**Key Stakeholders Involved:**

1. **Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League:** The recently deposed ruling party, known for its developmental agenda and counter-terrorism efforts, but also for increasingly centralized power. Their 'zero tolerance of terror' policy was a cornerstone of their governance. Their diminished direct power marks a significant shift.

2. **Tarique Rahman and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP):** A powerful opposition figure, currently in exile, who represents the alternative political force. His overture to the police suggests an attempt to assert influence and potentially rebuild the BNP's image and power base within state institutions.

3. **Bangladesh Police:** A critical state apparatus, often caught between competing political forces. Their perceived 'demoralisation' highlights the institutional stress caused by political demands, while Rahman's appreciation aims to restore their morale and potentially align them with a new political order.

4. **The People of Bangladesh:** The ultimate beneficiaries or victims of political stability or instability, grappling with economic challenges and democratic aspirations.

5. **India:** As a close neighbour and regional power, India has significant stakes in Bangladesh's internal stability and foreign policy orientation.

**Why This Matters for India:**

Bangladesh is not just a neighbour; it is a vital partner for India's geopolitical and economic interests. Instability in Bangladesh can have direct repercussions for India. Politically, a stable, friendly government in Dhaka is crucial for India's 'Act East Policy' and regional connectivity initiatives. Sheikh Hasina's government was instrumental in improving cross-border trade, energy cooperation, and curbing insurgent groups operating along the India-Bangladesh border, which has historically been a significant security concern for Indian states like West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura. A shift in power or prolonged political turmoil could revive anti-India sentiments, embolden extremist elements, and lead to increased illegal migration across the porous border. Economically, Bangladesh is India's largest trade partner in South Asia, with bilateral trade exceeding $16 billion. Any disruption could impact Indian investments and trade routes. Furthermore, instability could lead to a humanitarian crisis, with potential refugee influxes, directly challenging India's internal security and resource management, especially in states bordering Bangladesh. India's foreign policy, guided by principles of good neighbourliness and regional cooperation (Article 51 of the Indian Constitution, promoting international peace and security), mandates close monitoring and engagement with Bangladesh.

**Historical Context and Future Implications:**

The political rivalry between the AL and BNP dates back to the post-1971 era, often intertwined with the legacies of their respective founders, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziaur Rahman. This deep-seated animosity has led to cycles of political violence, military coups, and democratic backsliding. The current scenario suggests a potential re-calibration of power dynamics. Tarique Rahman's move could be a precursor to the BNP attempting a political comeback, potentially challenging the Awami League's long-held dominance. This could lead to a period of heightened political uncertainty, impacting democratic institutions, human rights, and the rule of law. For India, the future implications are significant. A less friendly government could slow down connectivity projects, complicate border management, and potentially shift Bangladesh's foreign policy alignment. India will need to carefully navigate this evolving scenario, ensuring its strategic interests are protected while upholding democratic values and regional stability. India's policies like the Act East Policy, which relies heavily on strong ties with Bangladesh for regional integration, could face new challenges. The issue of illegal immigration and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) also remain sensitive topics that could be exacerbated by instability in Bangladesh.

**Related Constitutional Articles, Acts, or Policies:**

While Bangladesh has its own constitution, for an Indian exam, understanding the Indian framework is key:

* **Article 51 (Directive Principles of State Policy):** Directs the state to promote international peace and security, maintain just and honourable relations between nations, and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration. This underpins India's approach to neighbours like Bangladesh.

* **Article 253 (Legislation for giving effect to international agreements):** Allows Parliament to make any law for implementing any treaty, agreement, or convention with any other country or countries, or any decision made at any international conference, association, or other body. This is relevant for bilateral and regional agreements with Bangladesh.

* **Act East Policy:** India's strategic foreign policy initiative to strengthen economic and strategic relations with countries in the Indo-Pacific region, with Bangladesh being a crucial land bridge and partner.

* **Border Management and Internal Security Frameworks:** Policies and acts governing border security (e.g., Border Security Force Act), counter-terrorism, and dealing with cross-border crime are directly impacted by the stability of neighbouring states.