1,500 e-buses will be inducted into APSRTC fleet soon, says Dwaraka Tirumala Rao

The announcement by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) to induct 1,500 e-buses into its fleet, coupled with plans for modernizing bus stations and depots, marks a significant step towards sustainable urban mobility in India. This initiative, spearheaded by APSRTC MD Dwaraka Tirumala Rao, reflects a national imperative to transition from traditional fossil fuel-dependent transport systems to greener, more efficient electric alternatives.

Historically, public road transport in India has been dominated by state-owned transport corporations, established post-independence to provide affordable and accessible mobility to citizens. Over the decades, these corporations have faced challenges ranging from aging fleets and infrastructure to rising fuel costs and environmental concerns. The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is a direct response to these pressures. The background context for this development is multi-faceted: a global push for decarbonization to combat climate change, India's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint as outlined in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, and the persistent issue of urban air pollution plaguing major Indian cities. Furthermore, the quest for energy security by reducing reliance on imported crude oil provides a strong economic rationale for promoting electric mobility.

Key stakeholders in this transition include APSRTC as the implementing agency, the Andhra Pradesh State Government providing the policy framework and financial support, and the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and NITI Aayog, which formulate national EV policies and schemes. Manufacturers of electric buses and charging infrastructure developers are crucial suppliers, while passengers are the ultimate beneficiaries of improved services and cleaner transport. Environmental advocacy groups and urban planners also play a role in advocating for and integrating sustainable transport solutions into city development plans.

This move holds immense significance for India. Firstly, it directly contributes to India's climate goals and efforts to improve air quality in urban centers, aligning with the **Environmental Protection Act, 1986**. By replacing diesel buses, e-buses significantly reduce tailpipe emissions, including particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, which are major contributors to respiratory illnesses. Secondly, it bolsters India's energy security by reducing dependence on imported crude oil, promoting indigenous manufacturing under the 'Make in India' initiative for EV components and vehicles. This can stimulate economic growth, create jobs in the EV ecosystem, and foster technological innovation. The **Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India) Scheme**, particularly its second phase (FAME II) launched in 2019 with an outlay of ₹10,000 crore, is a critical policy instrument driving such initiatives. FAME II specifically aims to support 7,000 e-buses, and APSRTC's induction of 1,500 e-buses is a substantial contribution to this national target. This scheme provides subsidies for electric and hybrid vehicles, incentivizing both consumers and manufacturers.

From a constitutional perspective, the state's role in promoting public welfare and environmental protection is well-established. The **Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)**, specifically **Article 48A**, mandates that "The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country." This provides a constitutional basis for states like Andhra Pradesh to invest in eco-friendly public transport. Furthermore, the provision of efficient public transport aligns with the broader objective of economic and social justice, falling under the purview of state responsibilities outlined in the **Seventh Schedule** of the Constitution, particularly entries related to roads and transport in the State List (Entry 13) and mechanically propelled vehicles in the Concurrent List (Entry 35).

Looking ahead, the induction of e-buses by APSRTC sets a precedent for other state transport corporations and urban local bodies to accelerate their own EV adoption plans. The future implications are profound: cleaner, quieter cities, reduced operational costs for transport corporations in the long run (due to lower fuel and maintenance expenses), and an enhanced passenger experience with modern amenities. However, challenges remain, including the need for robust charging infrastructure, adequate grid capacity, efficient battery management, and training skilled personnel for maintenance. The success of initiatives like APSRTC's will be crucial in demonstrating the viability and scalability of electric public transport, paving the way for India to achieve its ambitious targets for sustainable mobility and contribute significantly to global climate action and the **Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)**, particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).