IFFK 2025: fallout of a dictatorship might be invisible in society at first, but over time they become visible, says Pablo Larrain

The 30th International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) served as a significant platform for global cultural exchange, bringing to the forefront critical discussions on history, politics, and the enduring power of cinema. A highlight of the festival was the address by renowned Chilean director Pablo Larrain, whose insights into the long-term societal fallout of dictatorships, specifically referencing the Augusto Pinochet regime, resonated deeply with attendees and have broader implications for understanding democratic values and artistic freedom.

**Background Context:**

Established in 1996, the International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) is one of Asia's most prominent film festivals, organized by the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy on behalf of the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala. It is celebrated for its focus on Asian, African, and Latin American cinema, promoting a rich tapestry of global narratives and fostering critical dialogue. Pablo Larrain is an acclaimed Chilean filmmaker known for his compelling historical dramas that often explore the complexities of his country's past. His films, such as 'No,' 'Tony Manero,' and 'Jackie,' are celebrated for their nuanced portrayal of political events and their human impact. The central theme of his discussion at IFFK — the initially invisible, then visible, fallout of a dictatorship — directly references the brutal military rule of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile. Pinochet seized power in a coup d'état on September 11, 1973, overthrowing the democratically elected socialist government of President Salvador Allende. His 17-year rule was marked by severe human rights abuses, political repression, and economic reforms that reshaped Chilean society.

**What Happened:**

At the 30th IFFK, Pablo Larrain shared his perspective on how the consequences of authoritarian regimes, while perhaps not immediately apparent, gradually permeate and reshape society. He emphasized that the 'fallout of a dictatorship might be invisible in society at first, but over time they become visible.' This statement underscores the insidious nature of autocratic rule, where psychological scars, erosion of trust, and systemic injustices might take generations to fully manifest and be understood. Larrain's work, through independent cinema, aims to observe and articulate these subtle yet profound societal shifts, offering a lens through which to process collective trauma and historical memory. His discussion highlighted the unique ability of art, particularly film, to document, critique, and provide a space for reflection on political realities that official histories might suppress.

**Key Stakeholders Involved:**

* **International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) and Kerala State Chalachitra Academy:** As organizers, they provide the platform for such crucial discussions, fostering cultural exchange and intellectual discourse. Their role is pivotal in exposing Indian audiences to diverse global perspectives.

* **Pablo Larrain:** The director himself, as a key cultural figure and an artist who uses his medium to critically engage with historical and political themes. He represents the voice of independent cinema in challenging dominant narratives.

* **The Government of Kerala and Ministry of Culture, Government of India:** While not directly involved in the discussion's content, their support for cultural events like IFFK indirectly promotes freedom of expression and cultural diplomacy, aligning with India's soft power initiatives.

* **Indian and International Audiences/Filmmakers:** These are the recipients of the discourse, learning from global historical experiences and being inspired to create or engage with cinema that addresses societal issues.

**Why This Matters for India:**

Larrain's insights hold immense relevance for India, a vibrant democracy with a rich history of diverse political thought. Firstly, it reinforces the critical importance of **freedom of speech and expression**, a fundamental right enshrined in **Article 19(1)(a)** of the Indian Constitution. The ability of artists like Larrain to critique historical injustices through their work is a testament to this freedom, a principle that India, too, cherishes and protects. Secondly, the discussion on the long-term impact of dictatorships serves as a vital lesson in **safeguarding democratic institutions and values**. While India is a robust democracy, understanding the subtle ways in which societal fabric can be damaged by authoritarianism elsewhere provides a cautionary tale and encourages vigilance against any erosion of civil liberties or democratic norms. Thirdly, IFFK's role in hosting such global figures enhances India's **soft power and cultural diplomacy**. By providing a platform for international artists and intellectual discourse, India positions itself as a global hub for cultural exchange, fostering goodwill and understanding. Finally, it inspires the Indian film fraternity to engage more deeply with social and political themes, promoting a culture of critical observation and historical reflection within its own vast cinematic landscape.

**Historical Context and Future Implications:**

Pinochet's regime, a stark example of Cold War-era authoritarianism in Latin America, serves as a historical benchmark for understanding the devastating consequences of state-sponsored violence and the suppression of dissent. Larrain's films delve into this period, not just depicting the overt acts of repression but also the psychological and social scars that linger for generations. This historical lens is crucial for future implications: it emphasizes the continuous need for societies to confront their pasts honestly. For India, this translates into promoting historical literacy and critical thinking. The future implications include a continued emphasis on supporting independent cinema and artistic endeavors that challenge power structures and foster a deeper understanding of human rights and democratic governance. It also highlights the enduring role of film festivals as spaces for intellectual engagement, where art can transcend entertainment to become a powerful tool for social commentary and historical memory, ensuring that the lessons of the past are not forgotten and that vigilance remains a cornerstone of democratic societies.

**Related Constitutional Articles, Acts, or Policies:**

* **Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution:** Guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which is fundamental to artistic creation and critical commentary in a democracy.

* **Cinematograph Act, 1952:** Governs the certification and exhibition of films in India, reflecting the state's role in regulating cinema while balancing artistic freedom with public order.

* **Cultural Policies of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India:** These policies often support and promote film festivals and cultural exchanges, aligning with the broader goal of fostering India's cultural heritage and international relations.